the early development of photography

concepts and first attempts

-essentially it was a 19th century development

-a photograph is best described as a effect made by light on a chemical substance

-if light or some other invisible wave length of energy is not used to make the final picture of chemicals mean, in definition its not a photograph

-some of the first light sensitive mediums where white leather and white paper coated in silver nitrate,done by thomas wedgewood 1802

-1816 joshep nicepce made printed out negative images on paper using the camera obscura

-louis jacques monde daguerre teemed up with niepce to work on a common goal

-1830 they found a quicker way to expose but still not quick enough

joseph Nicephore Niepce

-1816 did more testing with light sensitive paper

-did images with camera obsura

-made various light sensitive plates

dagurreotype

-soon discovered that silver iodine plates could be exposed using mercury fumes and it only took a few minutes to expose and could be stabilized with sodium chloride

-this discovery was called the geguerreotype

-in 1939 this discovery was announced to the world and it became the basis process in the 19th century

photography on paper

-william henery fox talbot began his own experiments with with silcer chloride in 185 witch led him to discover how to make unexposed areas less sensitive

-images where treated with a strong sodium chloride solution and a dilute potassium iodide whitch resulted in colour

-it could be preserved for years

the face for acknowledgement

-race between daguerre and talbot got acknowledgement

-daugurrotype proves more successful

bayard ponton, herschel

-bayard claims to the french government he invented photography

-he created a direct positive process but very slow so the daugurrotype was still in favor

-1839 mungo ponton in scotland, discovered a light sensitive material but not very effective. but later on pontons work led talbot to discover gum printing and several other photomechanical processes

improments to daguerrs and talbots processes

THE IMPROVED DAGUERREOTYPE

-daguerres original process of 1839 was to slow it took 20 minutes to expose so they used different mixtures of chemicals to create a faster exposure and they also to designed a faster lens for quicker exposure

-1940 the faster lens was created by max petzval, the petzval lens became the basis portraiture lens for the next 70 years

THE CALOTYPE

-1841, talbot changed his formula to use silver iodine, which is more sensitive to silver chloride. the word 'calotype' comes from the greek word 'kalos' meaning beautiful. these negatives could be retouched in graphite or inks to prevent the transmission of light. he fixed his positives in hypo resulting in colours that ranged from deep orange to cool brown. he got paid work for these process and later on he published a book called 'pencil of nature' in 1844

the business of photography

-less calotypes were made then the yearly production of daguerreotypes

-the daguerreotypes where created in the early 1850s

negatives on glass

-1847 niepcotype in france, abel niepce de saint victor. experiments with starch then egg albumen as a binder for silver iodine on glass plates